Top (ALL) Citizenship By Investment Programs (2025)

Worldwide, Citizenship By Investment (CBI) programs came under pressure in 2023 – and those offered by countries enjoying UK and EU visa-free travel, in particular.

With Brussels intent on stamping out CBI programs, many industry insiders are looking to countries outside of the EU (and whose citizens don’t enjoy Schengen visa-free travel) as potential candidate countries for launching new Citizenship By Investment programs.

Countries with intrinsic lifestyle appeal – like Turkey or Argentina – would be popular Plan B options even if their passports were poor travel documents. (In fact, Turkey is one of the world’s most popular CBI destinations, despite its passport not offering Schengen visa-free access.)

So the general trend for the investment migration market has been one of supply-side curtailment: Montenegro discontinued its program in the hope of speeding up its own EU accession journey.

And Albania – a country that was on the cusp of launching a new CBI program in 2023 – was dissuaded from doing so for similar reasons…

Vanuatu’s partial suspension of visa-free travel privileges (to the UK and EU) continues into 2024. And then, also during 2023, St Kitts and Nevis’ CBI program shot itself in the foot:

Plus, across the five Caribbean CBI nations, the adoption of the so-called Six CBI Principles, whilst well intended, created more friction for prospective applicants seeking to obtain Citizenship By Investment there.

Nonetheless, one new option – the Egyptian Citizenship By Investment program, launched in 2020 – started gaining some traction in 2023: The country’s reduced-cost CBI program – with property investments now priced from only $300,000 – is an option to consider for those seeking a geopolitical hedge in a relatively central location.

In addition, industry insiders close to the matter report that the North Macedonian CBI program – which didn’t get off to a solid start in 2021 – might well make a more robust comeback in 2024.

And most recently, various media outlets are reporting that Greece may very soon create a third tier – priced at a whopping €800,000 – for properties based in its most sought-after areas.

Nonetheless, we cover all of the top, bona fide Citizenship By Investment programs for 2024 below.

In addition, we also cover some of the countries offering discretionary paths to honorary naturalization for third-country nationals who make significant investments – or contribute meaningfully to the public good – in these jurisdictions.

And finally, we review a number of top Citizenship By Investment programs that have been shuttered – or became dormant – in recent years…

Let’s get into the details below….